Directed to range States of saiga antelope (Saiga spp.) (Kazakhstan, Mongolia, the Russian Federation, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan), and important consumer and trading countries of saiga parts and derivatives Range States of Saiga spp. and important consumer and trading countries of saiga parts and derivatives are encouraged to address challenges in controlling illicit trade in saiga horns and derivatives thereof by:a) supporting the development of tools to facilitate the identification, sourcing and determination of age of saiga horns;b) ensuring effective stockpile management;c) promoting training of, and cross-border collaboration amongst, enforcement agencies; andd) tackling new illegal trade channels such as those using social media.