These case-studies highlight how decision-making by consensus is not always straightforward, with written examples from the UNFCCC and United Nations Conference on Arms Trade Treaty (ATT), and a video example from the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC-2) on plastic pollution.
MEAs:
Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques
Voting, Working group, Biosafety Protocol to the Convention on Biological Diversity, Subsidiary body, Point of order, Amendment, Amendment, Consensus, Negotiating blocs, Secret ballot, Formal objection, Information document, Subsidiary Body for Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice, Financial rules, Compliance Committee, Non-governmental organizations, Small Island Developing States, Subsidiary Body for Implementation
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Case studies
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2019
Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction
Negotiation simulation exercise undertaken during the University of Eastern Finland – UNEP Course on Multilateral Environmental Agreements in 2019.
MEAs:
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
Sujets:
Eaux marines et eau douce
Mots-clés:
Biological diversity, Climate change, Environmental Impact Assessment, Sustainable development, United Nations Environment Programme, International Agreement, Sustainable use, Indigenous peoples, United Nations General Assembly, Clearing House Mechanism, Ecosystem services, Greenhouse gases, Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry, United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, Ecosystem, Open-ended Working Group, Land degradation, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Mitigation, Our Common Future
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Case studies
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2012
Points of Order
Video examples of Saudi Arabia, the Russian Federation and Colombia raising points of order in 2023 and 2025 and written example of the Russian Federation raising a point of order in 2012.
MEAs:
Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changements climatiques
Sujets:
gouvernance environnementale,
Climat et atmosphère
Mots-clés:
Point of order, Voting, Consensus, Formal objection