Official name:
Republic of India
Region:
General Information
| Region | Southern Asia | |
| Population (000, 2021) | 1 393 409a | |
| Pop. density (per km2, 2021) | 468.7a | |
| Capital city | New Delhi | |
| Capital city pop. (000, 2021) | 29 399.1c,b | |
| UN membership date | 30-Oct-45 | |
| Surface area (km2) | 3 287 263b | |
| Sex ratio (m per 100 f) | 108.1a | |
| National currency | Indian Rupee (INR) | |
| Exchange rate (per US$) | 73d |
Economic indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) | 1 669 620 | 2 146 759 | 2 891 582b |
| GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices) | 8.5 | 8 | 4.2b |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | 1 352.7 | 1 638.6 | 2 116.2b |
| Economy: Agriculturee (% of Gross Value Added) | 18.4 | 17.7 | 17.7b |
| Economy: Industryf,g (% of Gross Value Added) | 33.1 | 30 | 29.1b |
| Economy: Services and other activityh (% of GVA) | 48.5 | 52.3 | 53.1b |
| Employment in agriculture (% of employed) | 51.5 | 45.7i | 41.5i,d |
| Employment in industry (% of employed) | 21.8 | 24.1i | 26.2i,d |
| Employment in services (% employed) | 26.7 | 30.3i | 32.3i,d |
| Unemploymenti (% of labour force) | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.4d |
| Labour force participation ratei (female/male pop. %) | 25.7 / 80.5 | 21.7 / 77.9 | 20.3 / 76.0d |
| CPI: Consumer Price Indexj (2010=100) | 100 | 149 | 190d |
| Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100) | 86 | 98 | 114b |
| International trade: exports (million current US$) | 220 408 | 264 381 | 275 489d |
| International trade: imports (million current US$) | 350 029 | 390 745 | 367 980d |
| International trade: balance (million current US$) | - 129 621 | - 126 364 | - 92 492d |
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) | - 54 516 | - 22 457 | 33 007d |
Social indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| Population growth ratek (average annual %) | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1d |
| Urban population (% of total population) | 30.9 | 32.8 | 34.5b |
| Urban population growth ratek (average annual %) | 2.6 | 2.4 | ... |
| Fertility rate, totalk (live births per woman) | 2.8 | 2.4 | 2.2d |
| Life expectancy at birthk (females/males, years) | 66.4 / 64.7 | 69.0 / 66.7 | 70.5 / 68.1d |
| Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %) | 30.8 / 7.8 | 28.4 / 8.9 | 25.8 / 10.4a |
| International migrant stockl (000/% of total pop.) | 5 574.0 / 0.5 | 5 210.8 / 0.4 | 4 878.7 / 0.4d |
| Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000) | 193.7m | 205.8 | 241.3d |
| Infant mortality ratek (per 1 000 live births) | 49.5 | 39.1 | 32d |
| Health: Current expendituren (% of GDP) | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.5i,o |
| Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.) | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.9b |
| Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP) | 3.4 | 3.8p | ... |
| Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 110.7 / 107.7i | 114.8 / 102.8 | 97.8 / 95.9b |
| Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 61.1 / 64.9 | 74.7 / 73.1 | 74.5 / 73.1b |
| Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 47.4 / 52.5 | 62.6 / 64.2 | 65.9 / 66.3b |
| Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.) | 3.8 | 3.4 | 3.1o |
| Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) | 10.8 | 12 | 14.4q |
Environment and infrastructure indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants) | 7.5i | 17i,r | 20.1o |
| Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP) | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7i,o |
| Threatened species (number) | 758 | 1 039 | 1 193 |
| Forested areai (% of land area) | 23.4 | 23.8 | 24.1o |
| CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita) | 1 572.1 / 1.3 | 2 036.9 / 1.6 | 2 309.1 / 1.7o |
| Energy production, primary (Petajoules) | 22 888 | 22 818i | 23 847o |
| Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules) | 24 | 28 | 29o |
| Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000) | 5 776 | 13 284s | 17 423s,o |
| Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%) | 17.6 | 20.7 | 20.7d |
| Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %) | ... / 43.1 | ... / 50.7 | ... / 56.1d |
| Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural %) | 29.2 / 23.7 | 33.4 / 36.8 | 37.3 / 50.5d |
| Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI) | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.09b |