Official name:
Syrian Arab Republic
Region:
General Information
| Region | Western Asia | |
| Population (000, 2021) | 18 276a | |
| Pop. density (per km2, 2021) | 99.5a | |
| Capital city | Damascus | |
| Capital city pop. (000, 2021) | 2 353.6c,b | |
| UN membership date | 24-Oct-45 | |
| Surface area (km2) | 185 180b | |
| Sex ratio (m per 100 f) | 100.1a | |
| National currency | Syrian Pound (SYP) | |
| Exchange rate (per US$) | 1 250.0d,e |
Economic indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) | 60 465 | 19 090 | 20 379b |
| GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices) | 3.4 | -6.1 | 4.8b |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | 2 830.4 | 1 060.7 | 1 193.9b |
| Economy: Agriculturef (% of Gross Value Added) | 19.7 | 20.7 | 20.6b |
| Economy: Industryg (% of Gross Value Added) | 30.7 | 30 | 30.1b |
| Economy: Services and other activityf (% of GVA) | 49.6 | 49.3 | 49.3b |
| Employment in agricultureh (% of employed) | 14.5 | 12 | 10.5e |
| Employment in industryh (% of employed) | 31 | 28.3 | 26.5e |
| Employment in servicesh (% employed) | 54.4 | 59.7 | 63e |
| Unemploymenth (% of labour force) | 8.6 | 8.5 | 8.4e |
| Labour force participation rateh (female/male pop. %) | 13.1 / 72.8 | 14.1 / 73.6 | 14.3 / 74.0e |
| CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100) | 100 | 449 | 896b |
| Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100) | 132 | 103 | 118b |
| International trade: exports (million current US$) | 11 353 | 1 688h | 400h,e |
| International trade: imports (million current US$) | 17 562 | 3 206h | 729h,e |
| International trade: balance (million current US$) | - 6 209 | - 1 518h | -329h,e |
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) | -367 | ... | ... |
Social indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| Population growth ratei (average annual %) | 3 | -3.4 | -0.6e |
| Urban population (% of total population) | 55.6 | 52.2 | 54.8b |
| Urban population growth ratei (average annual %) | 3.4 | -3.6 | ... |
| Fertility rate, totali (live births per woman) | 3.7 | 3.1 | 2.8e |
| Life expectancy at birthi (females/males, years) | 77.3 / 72.0 | 76.3 / 64.4 | 77.7 / 65.9e |
| Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %) | 37.4 / 5.0 | 33.1 / 6.3 | 30.7 / 7.6a |
| International migrant stockj,k (000/% of total pop.) | 1 783.6 / 8.3 | 835.7 / 4.6 | 868.7 / 5.0e |
| Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000) | 1 308.1l | 7 946.5 | 6 967.2e |
| Infant mortality ratei (per 1 000 live births) | 15 | 17.9 | 15.5e |
| Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP) | 3.3 | 3.6m | ... |
| Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.) | 1.5 | 1.6n | 1.3o |
| Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP) | 5.1p | ... | ... |
| Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 114.7 / 118.8 | 80.2 / 83.1q | ... / ... |
| Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 72.3 / 72.1 | 52.4 / 52.7q | ... / ... |
| Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 38.8 / 35.8 | 33.7 / 30.5q | ... / ... |
| Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.) | 2.2 | ... | 0.9r |
| Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) | 12.4 | 12.4 | 11.2s |
Environment and infrastructure indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants) | 20.7 | 30h | 34.3h,t |
| Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP) | ... | ~0.0u,v | ... |
| Threatened species (number) | 78 | 108 | 165 |
| Forested area (% of land area) | 2.7 | 2.8h | 2.8h,r |
| CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita) | 57.3 / 2.7 | 23.7 / 1.3 | 25.8 / 1.5r |
| Energy production, primary (Petajoules) | 1 165 | 196 | 169r |
| Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules) | 43 | 24 | 26r |
| Tourist/visitor arrivals at national bordersw (000) | 8 546 | 5 070x | ... |
| Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%) | 0 | 0 | 0e |
| Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI) | 0.25y | ... | ... |