Parties comply with their obligations under the Convention through the adoption and implementation of appropriate legislation, policies, and procedures.

Parties’ non-detriment findings are based on best available scientific information and their determination of legal acquisition is based on the best available technical and legal information.

Parties support sustainable wildlife trade policies, especially those that increase the capacity of Indigenous peoples and local communities to pursue livelihoods.

The importance of achieving CITES’ aim as a contribution to achieving the relevant Sustainable Development Goals, as well as the post-2020 global biodiversity framework, is recognized.

Implementation of the Convention at the national level is consistent with Resolutions and Decisions adopted by the Conference of the Parties.

The Appendices correctly reflect the conservation status and needs of species.

Parties improve the conservation status of CITES-listed specimens, put in place national conservation actions, support their sustainable use and promote cooperation in managing shared wildlife resources.

To generate global environmental benefits through effective implementation of the UNCCD

By 2029, all migratory species with an unfavourable conservation status are listed in CMS Appendices and are covered by an effectively implemented CMS Instrument and/or Concerted Action. Explanation: Parties commit to include species with an unfavourable conservation status in CMS Appendices, based on best available science, and to develop and implement effective cooperative conservation and/or management actions, including CMS Instruments, Concerted Actions and other initiatives that deliver tangible and verifiable conservation outcomes.

By 2029, the conservation status of all migratory species is reviewed regularly, informing priorities for conservation and management action. Explanation: The conservation status, population trend, range and extinction risk of all migratory species is regularly monitored, including through the State of the World’s Migratory Species report, CMS National Reports, 2 other assessments and analyses of relevant publications such as those produced by CMS and its Instruments, and information from relevant stakeholders, indigenous peoples and local communities. The conclusions of this regular monitoring supports priority-setting under CMS, including the listing of new migratory species that may need specific conservation actions.

By 2032, all important habitats for migratory species listed in CMS Appendices are protected, effectively conserved, managed and restored through ecologically representative, well-connected and equitably governed systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures. Explanation: Steps will be taken to establish ecologically representative, well-connected systems of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures, to ensure that, among others, the connectivity of all areas of importance for migratory species – as well as other areas that may be ecologically linked to them – is preserved. This could include permanent or temporal legal protection measures to ensure migratory ranges and their habitats are maintained, restored, effectively conserved and managed, and provide important biological functions such as opportunities for feeding, resting and habitat for reproduction.

By 2032, the direct mortality of migratory species caused by human- made infrastructure is significantly reduced to levels that are not harmful to species’ viability. Explanation: Steps are taken to eliminate and/or reduce the direct mortality of migratory species caused by infrastructure, including collision, electrocution, disturbance and migratory route deviation. This includes actions to sustainably design and operate such infrastructure and to monitor impacts while in operation.

By 2032, the conservation status of all migratory species listed in CMS Appendices has improved. Explanation: CMS initiatives have helped to improve the conservation status of all CMS-listed migratory species, thereby contributing to the achievement of the Convention and Goals A and B of the GBF. Conservation efforts should strive to engage relevant stakeholders, including indigenous peoples and local communities.

By 2032, the loss and fragmentation of important habitats for migratory species listed in CMS Appendices is reduced, and habitats are restored to ensure that such habitats support their viability. Explanation: Steps will be taken towards eliminating and/or reducing the negative impacts on migratory species from the loss and degradation of important habitats and ranges because of land-use change and fragmentation. This includes tackling known threats such as unsustainable intensive agriculture, damaging afforestation, urbanization or human-made infrastructure.

The public and private sectors have increased their efforts to apply guidelines and good practices for the wise use of water and wetlands.

Ensure that all areas are under participatory, integrated and biodiversity inclusive spatial planning and/or effective management processes addressing land- and sea-use change, to bring the loss of areas of high biodiversity importance, including ecosystems of high ecological integrity, close to zero by 2030, while respecting the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities.

Ensure urgent management actions to halt human induced extinction of known threatened species and for the recovery and conservation of species, in particular threatened species, to significantly reduce extinction risk, as well as to maintain and restore the genetic diversity within and between populations of native, wild and domesticated species to maintain their adaptive potential, including through in situ and ex situ conservation and sustainable management practices, and effectively manage human-wildlife interactions to minimize human-wildlife conflict for coexistence.