Negotiator's toolkit

Amid unprecedented biodiversity loss, climate change, and challenges to multilateralism, Parties demonstrated the benefits of international cooperation, which has improved the conservation status of migratory species, including the saiga antelope, scimitar-horned oryx, and Mediterranean monk seal.

With some countries and companies ready to begin mining critical minerals on the ocean floor, the Council is facing growing pressure to advance the draft exploitation regulations while ensuring environmental protection, equitable benefit-sharing, and legal certainty.

Delegates at UNEA-7 confronted new and emerging issues, linking the environment to technology, health, and the global economy, while also considering how best to deal with ever-growing concerns pertaining to climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution.

After 12 years of negotiations, delegates could not agree on measures to enhance the Multilateral System of access and benefit-sharing. Decisions on farmers’ rights and conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture set the path

Delegates worked through 114 agenda items, adopted 353 decisions, and reviewed 50 listing proposals, protecting 77 new species. The Kazakh population of saiga antelope, the South African bontebok, the Guadalupe fur seal, and Parlatore’s podocarp show encouraging population resurgence or

While many participants were not pleased with lack of reference to phasing out fossil fuels and deforestation in the “Mutirão” decision and the decision on the Global Goal on Adaptation, they applauded the new Gender Action Plan and the decision

With recent positive reports that the ozone layer is healing, delegates will consider further improvements in monitoring, containing, and replacing controlled substances.

Parties faced a pivotal test: can global efforts keep pace with the ambition to end mercury use and exposure? They confronted this challenge head on, addressing how to accelerate the phase-out of mercury across products, processes, and mining while closing

Members reaffirmed the key role of the Organization in promoting sustainable forest management and emphasized the need to demonstrate its continued relevance and long-term sustainability. They also looked ahead and considered the roadmap for negotiations and the key elements of