Official name:
Republic of Finland
General Information
| Region | Northern Europe | |
| Population (000, 2021) | 5 548a,b | |
| Pop. density (per km2, 2021) | 18.3a,b | |
| Capital city | Helsinki | |
| Capital city pop. (000, 2021) | 1 292.2d | |
| UN membership date | 14-Dec-55 | |
| Surface area (km2) | 336 872c,d | |
| Sex ratio (m per 100 f) | 97.4a,b | |
| National currency | Euro (EUR) | |
| Exchange rate (per US$) | 0.8e |
Economic indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$) | 249 181 | 234 440 | 269 296d |
| GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices) | 3.2 | 0.5 | 1.1d |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | 46 438.9 | 42 772.3 | 48 678.4d |
| Economy: Agriculturef (% of Gross Value Added) | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.7d |
| Economy: Industryg,h (% of Gross Value Added) | 29.9 | 27 | 28d |
| Economy: Services and other activityi (% of GVA) | 67.3 | 70.4 | 69.4d |
| Employment in agriculture (% of employed) | 4.4 | 4.2 | 3.5j,e |
| Employment in industry (% of employed) | 23.3 | 21.7 | 22j,e |
| Employment in services (% employed) | 72.3 | 74.1 | 74.5j,e |
| Unemploymentj (% of labour force) | 8.4 | 9.4 | 6.7e |
| Labour force participation ratej (female/male pop. %) | 56.0 / 63.9 | 55.5 / 62.3 | 55.3 / 62.5e |
| CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100) | 100k | 109k | 113e |
| Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100) | 94 | 100 | 102d |
| International trade: exports (million current US$) | 70 117 | 59 682 | 65 600e |
| International trade: imports (million current US$) | 68 767 | 60 174 | 67 878e |
| International trade: balance (million current US$) | 1 349 | -492 | - 2 279e |
| Balance of payments, current account (million US$) | 2 792 | - 2 209 | 2 342e |
Social indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| Population growth rateb,l (average annual %) | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.2e |
| Urban populationb (% of total population) | 83.8 | 85.2 | 85.4d |
| Urban population growth rateb,l (average annual %) | 0.6 | 0.8 | ... |
| Fertility rate, totalb,l (live births per woman) | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.5e |
| Life expectancy at birthb,l (females/males, years) | 82.9 / 76.1 | 83.7 / 77.7 | 84.5 / 78.8e |
| Population age distributionb (0-14/60+ years old, %) | 16.5 / 24.8 | 16.4 / 27.0 | 15.6 / 29.4a |
| International migrant stockb (000/% of total pop.) | 228.5 / 4.3 | 314.9 / 5.7 | 386.1 / 7.0e |
| Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000) | 14m | 16.3 | 33.3e |
| Infant mortality rateb,l (per 1 000 live births) | 2.7 | 2.1 | 1.7e |
| Health: Current expenditure (% of GDP) | 9.1 | 9.6 | 9n |
| Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.) | 3.3 | 3.3 | 4.6n |
| Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP) | 6.5 | 7 | 6.4o |
| Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 99.1 / 99.8 | 100.3 / 100.8 | 99.9 / 100.5n |
| Education: Secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 110.1 / 105.2 | 157.5 / 142.9 | 162.6 / 147.4n |
| Education: Upper secondary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.) | 120.5 / 110.2 | 210.2 / 181.8 | 222.0 / 189.7n |
| Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.) | 2.2 | 1.5 | 1.6n |
| Seats held by women in national parliaments (%) | 40 | 42.5 | 46p |
Environment and infrastructure indicators
| 2010 | 2015 | 2021 | |
| Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants) | 86.9q | 86.4 | 89.6d |
| Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP) | 3.7 | 2.9 | 2.8n |
| Threatened species (number) | 18 | 25 | 62 |
| Forested area (% of land area) | 73.2 | 73.7 | 73.7n |
| CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita) | 62.0 / 11.6 | 42.4 / 7.7 | 41.5 / 7.5d |
| Energy production, primary (Petajoules) | 728 | 732 | 812n |
| Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules) | 285 | 246 | 256n |
| Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000) | 3 670 | 2 622r | 3 290r,d |
| Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%) | 68.7 | 71.6 | 71.7e |
| Net Official Development Assist. disburseds (% of GNI) | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.42o |