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Case studies
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2023

Decision-Making by Consensus

Examples highlighting how decision-making by consensus is not always straightforward, including a video of the second session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee on plastic pollution (INC-2) showing the Chair's response to a number of points of order raised on this
MEAs:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Topics:
Environmental Governance
Keywords:
Consensus, Voting, Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee, Formal objection
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doha case study image
Manual
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2022

Managing Processes within the Framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity: A Guide for Presiding Officers

MEAs:
Convention on Biological Diversity
Topics:
Biological diversity
Keywords:
Voting, Working group, Biosafety Protocol to the Convention on Biological Diversity, Subsidiary body, Point of order, Amendment, Amendment, Consensus, Negotiating blocs, Secret ballot, Formal objection, Information document, Subsidiary Body for Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice, Financial rules, Compliance Committee, Non-governmental organizations, Small Island Developing States, Subsidiary Body for Implementation
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manual cover
Case studies
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2019

Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction

Negotiation simulation exercise undertaken during the University of Eastern Finland – UNEP Course on Multilateral Environmental Agreements in 2019.
MEAs:
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
Topics:
Marine and Freshwater
Keywords:
Biological diversity, Climate change, Environmental Impact Assessment, Sustainable development, United Nations Environment Programme, International Agreement, Sustainable use, Indigenous peoples, United Nations General Assembly, Clearing House Mechanism, Ecosystem services, Greenhouse gases, Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry, United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, Ecosystem, Open-ended Working Group, Land degradation, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Mitigation, Our Common Future
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bbnj image
Case studies
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2012

Points of Order

PDF example of the Russian Federation raising a point of order in 2012 and video examples of Saudi Arabia and the Russian Federation raising a point of order concerning the adoption of the Rules of Procedure at INC-2 in 2023.
MEAs:
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Topics:
Environmental Governance,
Climate and Atmosphere
Keywords:
Point of order, Voting, Consensus, Formal objection
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russia image