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Paris Agreement
Party Firma Ratificación Status Party
22 Apr 2016 15 Feb 2017 Ratificación 16 May 2017
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 20 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 24 Mar 2017 Ratificación 22 Jun 2017
22 Apr 2016 16 Nov 2020 Ratificación 14 Feb 2021
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
20 Sep 2016 23 Mar 2017 Ratificación 21 Jun 2017
22 Apr 2016 09 Nov 2016 Ratificación 07 Feb 2017
22 Apr 2016 05 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 09 Jan 2017 Ratificación 09 Apr 2017
22 Apr 2016 22 Aug 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 23 Dec 2016 Ratificación 23 Mar 2017
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 22 Apr 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Acceptance 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 06 Apr 2017 Ratificación 05 Jul 2017 Declaraciones
22 Apr 2016 22 Apr 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 31 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 19 Sep 2017 Ratificación 18 Dec 2017
22 Apr 2016 05 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 16 Mar 2017 Ratificación 14 Jun 2017
22 Apr 2016 11 Nov 2016 Ratificación 09 Feb 2017
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 29 Nov 2016 Ratificación 27 Feb 2017 Declaraciones
22 Apr 2016 11 Nov 2016 Ratificación 09 Feb 2017
22 Apr 2016 17 Jan 2018 Ratificación 17 Apr 2018
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2017 Ratificación 20 Dec 2017
22 Apr 2016 06 Feb 2017 Ratificación 07 May 2017
22 Apr 2016 29 Jul 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 05 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 11 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 12 Jan 2017 Ratificación 12 Apr 2017
20 Sep 2016 10 Feb 2017 Ratificación 11 May 2017
22 Apr 2016 03 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016 Declaraciones
22 Apr 2016 12 Jul 2018 Ratificación 10 Oct 2018
22 Apr 2016 23 Nov 2016 Ratificación 21 Feb 2017
22 Apr 2016 21 Apr 2017 Ratificación 20 Jul 2017
24 Jun 2016 01 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016 Declaraciones
22 Apr 2016 13 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 24 May 2017 Ratificación 22 Aug 2017
22 Apr 2016 28 Dec 2016 Ratificación 28 Mar 2017
22 Apr 2016 04 Jan 2017 Ratificación 04 Apr 2017
22 Apr 2016 05 Oct 2017 Ratificación 03 Jan 2018
22 Apr 2016 25 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 01 Aug 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 13 Dec 2017 Ratificación 13 Mar 2018
22 Apr 2016 01 Nov 2016 Approval 04 Nov 2016 End notes
22 Apr 2016 11 Nov 2016 Ratificación 09 Feb 2017
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2017 Ratificación 20 Dec 2017
26 Jul 2016 20 Sep 2017 Ratificación 19 Dec 2017
22 Apr 2016 29 Jun 2017 Ratificación 27 Sep 2017
22 Apr 2016 27 Mar 2017 Ratificación 25 Jun 2017
22 Apr 2016 30 Oct 2018 Ratificación 28 Jan 2019
22 Apr 2016 07 Feb 2023 Ratificación 08 May 2023
22 Apr 2016 04 Nov 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 09 Mar 2017 Ratificación 07 Jun 2017
22 Apr 2016 05 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016 Declaraciones
22 Apr 2016 22 Apr 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 14 Nov 2016 Ratificación 12 Feb 2017
22 Apr 2016 05 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 02 Nov 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 08 May 2017 Approval 06 Aug 2017
22 Apr 2016 05 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 14 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016 Objections
22 Apr 2016 22 Apr 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 25 Jan 2017 Ratificación 25 Apr 2017
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 22 Oct 2018 Ratificación 20 Jan 2019
22 Apr 2016 20 May 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 31 Jul 2017 Ratificación 29 Oct 2017
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 05 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Acceptance 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 02 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016 Declaraciones
22 Apr 2016 31 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
08 Dec 2016 01 Nov 2021 Ratificación 30 Jan 2022
22 Apr 2016 04 Nov 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 22 Nov 2016 Ratificación 20 Feb 2017
22 Apr 2016 11 Nov 2016 Ratificación 09 Feb 2017
22 Apr 2016 10 Apr 2017 Ratificación 09 Jul 2017
22 Apr 2016 08 Nov 2016 Acceptance 06 Feb 2017
22 Apr 2016 04 Nov 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
02 Aug 2016 06 Dec 2016 Ratificación 06 Mar 2017
22 Apr 2016 28 Dec 2016 Ratificación 28 Mar 2017
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 23 Apr 2018 Ratificación 22 Jul 2018
21 Sep 2016 18 Feb 2020 Ratificación 18 May 2020
22 Apr 2016 07 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 16 Mar 2017 Ratificación 14 Jun 2017
22 Apr 2016 05 Feb 2020 Ratificación 05 May 2020
22 Apr 2016 20 Jan 2017 Ratificación 20 Apr 2017
22 Apr 2016 27 Aug 2018 Ratificación 25 Nov 2018
22 Apr 2016 20 Sep 2017 Ratificación 19 Dec 2017
22 Apr 2016 02 Feb 2017 Ratificación 03 May 2017
22 Apr 2016 04 Nov 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
20 Sep 2016 29 Jun 2017 Ratificación 27 Sep 2017
22 Apr 2016 16 Nov 2016 Ratificación 14 Feb 2017
22 Apr 2016 22 Apr 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 23 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 05 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 22 Apr 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016 Declaraciones
22 Apr 2016 27 Feb 2017 Ratificación 28 May 2017
22 Apr 2016 22 Apr 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016 Declaraciones
22 Apr 2016 15 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016 Declaraciones
22 Apr 2016 24 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 20 Dec 2017 Ratificación 20 Mar 2018
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 04 Jun 2018 Ratificación 02 Sep 2018
22 Apr 2016 19 Sep 2017 Ratificación 18 Dec 2017
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 22 Apr 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016 Declaraciones
22 Apr 2016 05 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 28 Jul 2017 Acceptance 26 Oct 2017 Declaraciones
End notes
22 Apr 2016 04 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016 End notes
23 Oct 2017 Accession 21 Jan 2018
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Sep 2016 16 May 2017 Ratificación 14 Aug 2017
28 Oct 2016 28 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016 Declaraciones
22 Apr 2016 20 Jun 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 22 May 2019 Ratificación 20 Aug 2019
22 Apr 2016 10 Nov 2016 Ratificación 08 Feb 2017
22 Apr 2016 22 Apr 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 14 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 25 Jul 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 23 Mar 2017 Ratificación 21 Jun 2017 Declaraciones
22 Apr 2016 07 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016 Declaraciones
22 Apr 2016 05 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 23 Jun 2017 Ratificación 21 Sep 2017
22 Apr 2016 03 Nov 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
21 Sep 2016 20 Jun 2017 Ratificación 18 Sep 2017
22 Apr 2016 01 Jun 2017 Ratificación 30 Aug 2017
22 Apr 2016 07 Oct 2019 Acceptance 05 Jan 2020 Declaraciones
22 Apr 2016 06 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 22 Apr 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 22 Apr 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 29 Jun 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 22 Apr 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 26 Sep 2018 Ratificación 25 Dec 2018
22 Apr 2016 02 Nov 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
03 Nov 2016 03 Nov 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 25 Jul 2017 Ratificación 23 Oct 2017
25 Apr 2016 29 Apr 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Sep 2016 01 Nov 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 05 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 16 Dec 2016 Ratificación 16 Mar 2017
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016 Declaraciones
22 Apr 2016 22 Apr 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 01 Nov 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 23 Feb 2021 Ratificación 24 May 2021
22 Apr 2016 12 Jan 2017 Ratificación 12 Apr 2017 Declaraciones
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 22 Apr 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 02 Aug 2017 Ratificación 31 Oct 2017
22 Apr 2016 13 Feb 2019 Ratificación 14 May 2019
22 Apr 2016 13 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 06 Oct 2017 Ratificación 04 Jan 2018
13 Nov 2017 Accession 11 Feb 2018
22 Apr 2016 22 Mar 2017 Ratificación 20 Jun 2017
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
26 Apr 2016 07 Nov 2016 Ratificación 05 Feb 2017
22 Apr 2016 09 Jan 2018 Ratificación 09 Apr 2018
22 Apr 2016 16 Aug 2017 Ratificación 14 Nov 2017
19 Sep 2016 28 Jun 2017 Ratificación 26 Sep 2017
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 22 Feb 2018 Ratificación 23 May 2018
22 Apr 2016 10 Feb 2017 Ratificación 11 May 2017
22 Apr 2016 11 Oct 2021 Ratificación 09 Jan 2022 Declaraciones
23 Sep 2016 20 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 22 Apr 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016 Declaraciones
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 19 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Acceptance 04 Nov 2016
22 Apr 2016 18 Nov 2016 Ratificación 16 Feb 2017 End notes
22 Apr 2016 18 May 2018 Ratificación 16 Aug 2018
22 Apr 2016 20 Jan 2021 Acceptance 20 Apr 2021 End notes
22 Apr 2016 19 Oct 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016
19 Apr 2017 09 Nov 2018 Ratificación 07 Feb 2019
22 Apr 2016 21 Sep 2016 Ratificación 04 Nov 2016 Declaraciones
22 Apr 2016 21 Jul 2017 Ratificación 19 Oct 2017
22 Apr 2016 03 Nov 2016 Approval 04 Nov 2016
20 Sep 2016 09 Dec 2016 Ratificación 09 Mar 2017
22 Apr 2016 07 Aug 2017 Ratificación 05 Nov 2017
04 Sep 2022 Accession 03 Dec 2022 Declaraciones

Estados que no son Parte

Party Firma Ratificación Status Additional information
22 Apr 2016 Signatory
22 Apr 2016 Signatory
23 Sep 2016 Signatory

Declarations

Bélgica
Declaration made upon signature:“This signature engages also the Walloon Region, the Flemish Region and the Brussels-Capital Region.”
Bulgaria
Declaration:“The Republic of Bulgaria recognizes that in accordance with Article 9, paragraph 1, of the Paris Agreement developed country Parties shall provide financial resources to assist developing country Parties with respect to both mitigation and adaptation in continuation of their existing obligations under the Convention. In this context the Republic of Bulgaria notes that as a Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Bulgaria is not included in Annex II.”
China
Declaration:In accordance with the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China and the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China, the Government of the People’s Republic of China decides that the Agreement applies to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Macao Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China.
Cook Islands
Declaration:The Government of the Cook Islands declares its understanding that acceptance of the Paris Agreement and its application shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change and that no provision in the Paris Agreement can be interpreted as derogating from principles of general international law or any claims or rights concerning compensation due to the impacts of climate change.The Government of the Cook Islands further declares that, in light of the best available scientific information and assessment on climate change and its impacts, it considers the emissions reduction obligations in the aforesaid Paris Agreement to be inadequate to prevent a global temperature stabilisation level at or above 1.5 degrees Celsius relative to pre-industrial levels and as a consequence, such emissions will have severe implications for our national interests.
Unión Europea
Declaration:“Declaration by the Union made in accordance with Article 20(3) of the Paris AgreementThe following States are at present Members of the European Union: the Kingdom of Belgium, the Republic of Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of Estonia, Ireland, the Hellenic Republic, the Kingdom of Spain, the French Republic, the Republic of Croatia, the Italian Republic, the Republic of Cyprus, the Republic of Latvia, the Republic of Lithuania, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Hungary, the Republic of Malta, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Poland, the Portuguese Republic, Romania, the Republic of Slovenia, the Slovak Republic, the Republic of Finland, the Kingdom of Sweden, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.The European Union declares that, in accordance with the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, and in particular Article 191 and Article 192(1) thereof, it is competent to enter into international agreements, and to implement the obligations resulting therefrom, which contribute to the pursuit of the following objectives:- preserving, protecting and improving the quality of the environment;- protecting human health;- prudent and rational utilisation of natural resources;- promoting measures at international level to deal with regional or worldwide environmental problems, and in particular combating climate change.…The European Union will continue to provide information, on a regular basis on any substantial modifications in the extent of its competence, in accordance with Article 20(3) of the Agreement.”
India
Declaration:“The Government of India declares its understanding that, as per its national laws; keeping in view its development agenda, particularly the eradication of poverty and provision of basic needs for all its citizens, coupled with its commitment to following the low carbon path to progress, and on the assumption of unencumbered availability of cleaner sources of energy and technologies and financial resources from around the world; and based on a fair and ambitious assessment of global commitment to combating climate change, it is ratifying the Paris Agreement.”
Islas Marshall
Declaration:“…the Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands declares its understanding that ratification of the Paris Agreement shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under any other laws, including international law, and the communication depositing the Republic's instrument of ratification shall include a declaration to this effect for international record;FURTHERMORE, the Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands declares that, in light of best scientific information and assessment on climate change and its impacts, it considers the emission reduction obligations in Article 3 of the Kyoto Protocol, the Doha Amendment and the aforesaid Paris Agreement to be inadequate to prevent global temperature increase of 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-Industrial levels and as a consequence, will have severe implications for our national interests…”
México
Interpretative declaration:… in accordance with their national legal framework, and in consideration of the best and most up-to-date scientific information available and incorporated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the United Mexican States understands greenhouse gas emissions to mean the release into the atmosphere of greenhouse gases and/or their precursors and aerosols into the atmosphere, including, where applicable, greenhouse compounds, within a specific area and during a specific period of time.
Micronesia, Estados Federados de
Declaration:“The Government of the Federated States of Micronesia declares its understanding that its ratification of the Paris Agreement does not constitute a renunciation of any rights of the Government of the Federated States of Micronesia under international law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change, and that no provision in the Paris Agreement can be interpreted as derogating from principles of general international law or any claims or rights concerning compensation and liability due to the adverse effects of climate change; andThe Government of the Federated States of Micronesia further declares that, in light of the best available scientific information and assessments on climate change and its impacts, it considers the emission reduction obligations in the Paris Agreement to be inadequate to prevent a global temperature increase above 1.5 degrees Celsius relative to pre-industrial levels, and as a consequence, such emissions will have severe implications for the national interests of the Government of the Federated States of Micronesia.”
Nauru
Declaration:“… the Government, of Nauru declares its understanding that the ratification of the Agreement shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning State responsibility [for] the adverse effects of climate change.FURTHER, the Government of Nauru declares that no provisions in the Agreement can be interpreted as derogating from the principles of general international law.AND FURTHER, the Government of Nauru declares its understanding that Article 8 and decision 1/CP.21, paragraph 51 in no way limits the ability of Parties to UNFCCC or the Agreement to raise, discuss, or address any present or future concerns regarding the issues of liability and compensation.The Republic of Nauru put forth its concern intended to recognize and acknowledge its national interest...”
Países Bajos, Holanda
Declaration:“The Kingdom of the Netherlands, for the European part of the Netherlands, declares in accordance with Article 14, paragraph 2, of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in conjunction with Article 24 of the Paris Agreement, that it accepts both means of dispute settlement referred to in that paragraph as compulsory in relation to any Party accepting one or both means of dispute settlement.”
Niue
Declaration:“The Government of Niue declares its understanding that acceptance of the Paris Agreement and its application shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change and that no provision in the Paris Agreement can be interpreted as derogating from principles of general international law or any claims or rights concerning compensation due to the impacts of climate change.The Government of Niue further declares that, in light of the best available scientific information and assessment on climate change and its impacts, it considers the emissions reduction obligations in the aforesaid Paris Agreement to be inadequate to prevent a global temperature stabilisation level at or above 1.5 degrees Celsius relative to pre-industrial levels and as a consequence, such emissions will have severe implications for our national interests.”
Filipinas
Declaration:“THAT it is the understanding of the Government of the Republic of the Philippines that its accession to and the implementation of the Paris Agreement shall in no way constitute a renunciation of rights under any local and international laws or treaties, including those concerning State responsibility for loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change;THAT, the accession to and implementation of the Paris Agreement by the Republic of the Philippines is for the purpose of supporting the country's national development objectives and priorities such as sustainable industrial development, the eradication of poverty and provision of basic needs, and securing social and climate justice and energy security for all its citizens.”
Polonia
Declaration made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification:“The Government of the Republic of Poland recognizes that under Article 9 paragraph 1 of the Paris Agreement developed country Parties shall provide financial resources to assist developing country Parties with respect to both mitigation and adaptation in continuation of their existing obligations under the Convention. In this context the Government of the Republic of Poland notes that Poland is a Party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change not included in Annex II.”
Federación Rusa
Declaration:1. The Russian Federation recognizes that, in accordance with paragraph 1 of Article 9 of the Agreement, developed country Parties shall provide financial resources to assist developing country Parties with respect to both mitigation of climate change and adaptation to it in continuation of their existing obligations under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change of 9 May 1992 (hereinafter referred to as “the Convention”). In this context, the Russian Federation notes that as a Party to the Convention the Russian Federation is not included in Annex II to the Convention.2. The Russian Federation proceeds from the importance of conservation and enhancement of absorbing capacity of forests and other ecosystems, as well as from the necessity of the maximum possible account of this capacity including in the implementation of the Agreement’s mechanisms.3. The Russian Federation considers unacceptable the use of the Agreement and its mechanisms as tools to create barriers to sustainable social and economic development of the Parties to the Convention.
Islas Salomón
Declaration:“… the Government of Solomon Islands declares its understanding that acceptance of the aforesaid Paris Agreement shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change;FURTHER, that the Government of Solomon Islands declares that no provision in this Paris Agreement can be interpreted as derogating from principles of general international law or any claims or rights concerning compensation due to impacts of climate change;AND that the Government of Solomon Islands declares that the low ambition of the Paris Agreement and its adequacy to stabilize global temperature to safe level of below 1.5 degree Celsius, such emissions will have severe impacts and undermining our sustainable development efforts…”
España
Declaration:In the case where this Agreement is ratified by the United Kingdom and its application extended to the territory of Gibraltar, Spain wishes to make the following declaration:1. Gibraltar is a non-autonomous territory whose international relations come under the responsibility of the United Kingdom and which is subject to a decolonisation process in accordance with the relevant decisions and resolutions of the General Assembly of the United Nations.2. The authorities of Gibraltar have a local character and exercise exclusively internal competences which have their origin and their foundation in the distribution and attribution of competences performed by the United Kingdom in compliance with its internal legislation, in its capacity as sovereign State on which the mentioned non-autonomous territory depends.3. As a result, the eventual participation of authorities of Gibraltar in the application of this Agreement will be understood as carried out exclusively as part of the internal competences of Gibraltar and cannot be considered to modify in any way what was established in the two previous paragraphs.4. The application of this Agreement to Gibraltar cannot be interpreted as an recognition of any rights or situations regarding areas not covered by article 10 of the Treaty of Utrecht of 13 July 1713, concluded between the Crowns of Spain and of the United Kingdom.
Turquía
Declaration made upon ratification:The Republic of Turkey, on the basis of “equity, common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities” as clearly and accurately recognized under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change of 9 May 1992 and the Paris Agreement, and by recalling decisions 26/CP.7, 1/CP.16, 2/CP.17, 1/CP.18 and 21/CP.20 adopted by the Conference of the Parties to the Convention, declares that Turkey will implement the Paris Agreement as a developing country and in the scope of her nationally determined contribution statements, provided that the Agreement and its mechanisms do not prejudice her right to economic and social development.
Tuvalu
Declaration:“The Government of Tuvalu hereby notifies that it will apply the Paris Agreement provisionally as provided for in paragraph 4 of Decision 1/CP.21.[…]The Government of Tuvalu further declares its understanding that acceptance of the aforesaid Paris Agreement and its provisional application shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under international law concerning State responsibility for the adverse effects of climate change and that no provision in the Paris Agreement can be interpreted as derogating from principles of general international law or any claims or rights concerning compensation due to the impacts of climate change.The Government of Tuvalu further declares that, in light of the best available scientific information and assessment on climate change and its impacts, it considers the emissions reduction obligations in the aforesaid Paris Agreement to be inadequate to prevent a global temperature stabilisation level at or above 1.5 degrees Celsius relative to pre-industrial levels and as a consequence, such emissions will have severe implications for our national interests.”
Vanuatu
Declaration:“WHEREAS the Government of the Republic of Vanuatu declares its understanding that ratification of the Paris Agreement shall in no way constitute a renunciation of any rights under any other laws, including international law, and the communication depositing the Republic’s instrument of ratification shall include a declaration to this effect for international record;FURTHERMORE, that the Government of the Republic of Vanuatu declares that, in light of best scientific information and assessment on climate change and its impacts, it considers the emission reduction obligations in Article 3 of the Kyoto Protocol, the Doha Amendment and the aforesaid Paris Agreement to be inadequate to prevent global temperature increase of 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-Industrial levels and as a consequence, will have severe implications for our national interests...”
Ciudad del Vaticano
“By acceding to the Paris Agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in the name and on behalf of Vatican City State, the Holy See intends to contribute to the efforts of all States to work together in solidarity, in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, in an effective response to the challenges posed by climate change to humankind and to our common home.In light of the territorial nature of the obligations set forth in the Paris Agreement, the Holy See declares, for the avoidance of doubt, that in acceding to the Agreement only in the name and on behalf of Vatican City State it commits itself to apply its provisions exclusively within the Territory of the Vatican City State, as circumscribed by the Leonine Walls.The Holy See, in conformity with its particular mission, reiterates, on behalf of Vatican City State, its position regarding the term ‘gender’ used in the Preamble (PP11) and articles 7.5 and 11.2 of the Paris Agreement. The Holy See underlines that any reference to ‘gender’ and related terms in any document that has been or that will be adopted by the Conference of State Parties or by its subsidiary bodies is to be understood as grounded on the biological sexual identity that is male and female.The Holy See upholds and promotes a holistic and integrated approach that is firmly centered on the human dignity and integral development of every person.”

Objections

Grecia
13 October 2022With regard to the declaration made by the Republic of Türkiye upon ratification:“The Government of the Hellenic Republic has examined the declaration made by the Republic of Türkiye upon ratification, on 11 October 2021, of the Paris Agreement of 12 December 2015.The Republic of Türkiye thereby declares that she ‘will implement the Paris Agreement as a developing country and in the scope of her nationally determined contribution statements, provided that the Agreement and its mechanisms do not prejudice her right to economic and social development’.In the view of the Government of the Hellenic Republic, this declaration in fact amounts to a reservation, as it purports to unilaterally modify the legal status of the Republic of Türkiye within the legal framework of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change of 9 May 1992 (hereinafter ‘the Convention’) and the Paris Agreement, by seeking to arbitrarily remove Türkiye from the list of Annex I Parties to the Convention and qualify her as a developing country, in the absence of a relevant decision of the Conference of the Parties, which is under the Convention responsible for the adoption of annexes and amendments thereto.The Government of the Hellenic Republic would like to recall that, according to article 27 of the Paris Agreement, no reservations may be made to this Agreement.In light of the above, the Government of the Hellenic Republic considers that the aforementioned reservation of the Republic of Türkiye is impermissible as prohibited by article 27 of the Agreement.For the above reasons, the Government of the Hellenic Republic objects to the declaration made by the Republic of Türkiye upon ratification of the Paris Agreement. This objection shall not preclude the entry into force of the Agreement between the Hellenic Republic and the Republic of Türkiye without the latter benefiting the reservation.”

End Notes

Dinamarca

By a communication received on 2 July 2024, the Kingdom of Denmark notified the Secretary-General that it had decided to withdraw the declaration, made upon approval, regarding the territorial exclusion in respect of Greenland.

With territorial exclusion in respect of Greenland. See C.N.819.2016.TREATIES-XXVII.7.d of 1 November 2016.
Países Bajos, Holanda

For the European Part of the Netherlands.
Nueva Zelanda

On 13 November 2017, New Zealand notified the Secretary-General of the extention of the application of the Agreement to Tokelau (See CN.705.2017.TREATIES-XXVII.7.d of 13 November 2017). Upon ratification on 4 October 2017, New Zealand notified the Secretary-General of a territorial exclusion in respect of Tokelau (See C.N.723.2016.TREATIES-XXVII.7.d of 4 October 2016.)
Reino Unido

On 23 Septembre 2022, the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland notified the Secretary-General that its ratification of the Agreement would extend to the territory of Gilbratar as follows :

“... the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland hereby extends the application of the United Kingdom’s ratification of the Agreement to the territory of Gibraltar, for the international relations of which the United Kingdom is responsible.

The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland considers the extension of the Agreement to the territory of Gilbratar to take effect on the date of deposit of this notification”.

On 29 April 2022, the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland notified the Secretary-General that its ratification of the Agreement would extend to the territory of the Bailiwick of Jersey as follows :

“... the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland hereby extends the application of the United Kingdom’s ratification of the Agreement to the territory of the Bailiwick of Jersey, for the international relations of which the United Kingdom is responsible.

The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland considers the extension of the Agreement to the territory of the Bailiwick of Jersey to take effect on the date of deposit of this notification”.

On 22 March 2023, the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland notified the Secretary-General that its ratification of the Agreement would extend to the Crown Dependency of the Isle of Man as follows :

“… the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland hereby extends the application of the United Kingdom’s ratification of the [Paris Agreement] to the Crown Dependency of the Isle of Man, a territory for the international relations of which the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is responsible.

The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland considers the extension of the [Paris Agreement] to the Crown Dependency of the Isle of Man to take effect on the date of deposit of this notification.”

On 6 December 2023, the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Island notified the Secretary-General of the extension of the application of the Agreement to the territory of Guernsey.

(See depositary notification C.N.512.2023.TREATIES-XXVII.7.d of 18 December 2023)
Estados Unidos

On 3 September 2016, the Government of the United States of America deposited its instrument of acceptance of the Agreement. See C.N.612.2016.TREATIES-XXVII.7.d of 3 September 2016. On 4 November 2019, the Government of the United States of America notified the Secretary-General of its decision to withdraw from the Agreement which took effect on 4 November 2020 in accordance with article 28 (1) and (2) of the Agreement. See C.N.575.2019.TREATIES-XXVII.7.d of 4 November 2019. On 20 January 2021, the Government of the United States of America deposited its instrument of acceptance of the Agreement. See C.N.10.2021.TREATIES-XXVII.7.d of 20 January 2021.